M16 and M2 are modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solutions, which are similar to Whitten’s Medium. M16 Medium is one of the most common media for in vitro culture of preimplantation stage embryos. M16 contains pyruvate and lactate as energy sources since preimplantation embryos do not utilize glucose efficiently. M2 Medium is a further modification of M16 that substitutes HEPES buffer in place of some of the bicarbonate. M2 is used for collecting and handling embryos for prolonged periods outside a CO2 incubator.
Formulation: Ready-to-use, sterile filtered solution
References:
1. Whitten, W.K. ( 1971) Embryo medium: Nutrient requirements for the culture of preimplantation embryos in vitro. Adv. Biosci., 6: 129- 141.
2. Quinn, P., Barros, C., and Whittingham, D.G. ( 1982) Preservation of hamster oocytes to assay the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. J. of Reprod. Fertil., 66: 161- 168.
3. Hogan, B., Costantini, F., and Lacy, E. ( 1986) Manipulating the Mouse Embryo. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Cold Spring Harbor, NY. Section G, pp. 249-252.